Media Farmasi Indonesia

Nurses' knowledge and management of incompatibility issues in intravenous pharmaceutical preparations

Fita Rahmawati — 2025-10-13

Administering multiple intravenous (IV) preparations through a single catheter line can lead to incompatibility issues, such as precipitation. Precipitation can be avoided with sufficient knowledge by nurses during the administration of IV preparations to patients. This research aims to assess nurses' knowledge and management of incompatibility issues in IV pharmaceutical preparations. This non-experimental research collected data through interviews with healthcare professionals (nurses). The research was conducted at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. A total of 14 healthcare professionals (nurses) who reconstituted and administered IV pharmaceutical preparations to patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) participated in the research. The results revealed that 13 nurses (92.9%) encountered incompatibility incidents with seven types of drugs. Five nurses (29.4%) reported incompatibility issues with cefoperazone. The most frequently observed incompatibility was color change, reported by seven nurses (53.8%), such as white spots appearing during phenytoin reconstitution and discoloration in IV pharmaceutical preparations of cefoperazone and ceftriaxone. The most common approach to addressing incompatibility was replacing the preparation, reported by six nurses (46.2%). The management of incompatibility issues varied among nurses, even when dealing with the same pharmaceutical preparation. Therefore, training on sterile preparation incompatibility should be provided to all healthcare professionals to establish a standardized operational procedure (SOP) for handling incompatibility in IV pharmaceutical preparations.

Design of a Web-Based Pain Module for a Medication Record Application to Support Pharmacist Self-Medication Services

Suraya Baharun — 2025-10-13

Today's pharmacists' roles in healthcare services are changing quickly, and the key to staying up to date is internet-based drug records. Pharmacists have a significant impact on the field of health technology, particularly when it comes to patient medication records through the use of certain technologies. As professionals, pharmacists must play a bigger part in using digital technology to help improve patient safety and public health (patient safety). Medication records are one of the documents from pharmaceutical services carried out by pharmacists in pharmacies. Web-based pharmacist medication records can be used to document the provision of over-the-counter medications, referred to as self-medication services. This study aims to determine the usability of the web-based pharmacist medication record application developed as a supporting tool for community pharmacists in self-medication services. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D). The initial stage of the research involved interviews with 10 pharmacists to identify the needs of the application. Based on the interview results, self-medication for pain is the most common case occurring in pharmacies, so the researchers added a pain module to this application. Usability testing was conducted using the USE questionnaire to 135 respondents (45 pharmacists and 90 patients) in the city of Semarang. The test results show that the application meets usability criteria with the categories of usefulness, easy of use, easy learning, and satisfaction.

Development Of Pharmacist Counseling Application Android-Based For Hypertension Patients

Putri Maharani — 2025-10-13

In Indonesia the use of telepharmacy in clinical services is still not widely utilized. The counseling activities conducted by community pharmacists have not yet been optimal, and the documentation related to clinical pharmacy services is still considered very poor. This research aims to determine the usability of the Android-based pharmacist counseling application developed for hypertensive patients. The usability of the application includes the criteria of usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and user satisfaction. The method used in this research is Research and Development with the 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The sample in this study consists of 45 pharmacists practicing in pharmacies in Semarang City and 100 patients aged 18-40 years residing in Semarang City. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. Usability testing used the USE questionnaire via Google Forms with assessment using a Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using usability percentages. The research results show that the developed Android-based pharmacist counseling application for hypertensive patients meets usability criteria with a usefulness score of 87.66%, ease of use score of 91.40%, ease of learning score of 93.48%, and user satisfaction score of 87.92%.

Hypnotic-Sedative Effectiveness Of Ethanol Extract Keji Beling (Strobilanthes Crispus) In Mice With Rotarod Test As An Indicator Of Motor Impairment

arikha ayu susilowati — 2025-10-13

Insomnia is a sleep disorder that adversely affects the quality of life, mental and physical health. Treatment of insomnia often utilizes pharmacological therapies that have side effects. Keji beling (Strobilanthes crispus) contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids that have potential as natural sedatives and hypnotics. This study uses the rotarod test to detect motor impairment and evaluate the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of keji beling leaves (EEKB) as a hypnotic-sedative agent in mice. Extraction of keji beling by maceration using 96% ethanol, the extract was tested on mice in four groups: diazepam 5 mg, CMC Na 1%, and EEKB 600 and 1200 mg/kgBB. The parameter measured was the number of falls on the rotarod for 30 minutes after administration. EEKB showed decreased motor balance. The 1200 mg/kgBB dose produced the highest mean number of falls (25 times), followed by the 600 mg/kgBB dose (11.25 times), similar to the diazepam 5mg (16.75 times). Statistical analysis indicated that EEKB exerted a significant hypnotic-sedative effect by modulating GABA receptors. EEKB in doses of 600 and 1200 mg/kgBB has an effectiveness comparable to diazepam as a hypnotic tranquilizer, so it has the potential to be developed as a natural-based insomnia therapy agent.

Effectiveness Comparison of Aloe vera and 70% Alcohol Hand Sanitizers in Reducing Hand Microorganism Colonies

Laurenz Diffa Yunanda — 2025-10-13

Microbe-based infection transmission commonly occurs through hands, as hands harbor both normal microbiota and pathogenic microorganisms. The use of hand sanitizer is preferred by the public due to its practicality compared to handwashing. However, alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause irritation and dryness of the skin. The availability of natural ingredient-based hand sanitizers remains limited. This study aims to analyze the difference in effectiveness between aloe vera-based hand sanitizer and 70% alcohol hand sanitizer in reducing the number of microorganism colonies on hands. This experimental study employed a Pre-Post Test Group Design. Samples were consecutively sampled from medical students at Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang, using the glove juice method, with 20 samples per group. The percentage reduction in microorganism colony counts between the aloe vera-based hand sanitizer group and the 70% alcohol group was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the mean effectiveness in reducing microorganism colony counts after using alcohol-based hand sanitizer was 59.2%, while that of the aloe vera-based hand sanitizer was 37.97%. The Mann-Whitney test yielded a p-value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). There is a significant difference in the effectiveness of aloe vera-based hand sanitizer compared to 70% alcohol hand sanitizer in reducing microorganism colony counts on hands. The 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizer was found to be more effective than the aloe vera-based formulation.

Formulation and SPF Evaluation of a Lip Oil Serum Combining Ethanol Extract of Butterfly Pea Flower and Lavender Oil

Nurus Shobah Salsabila — 2025-10-13

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to ozone layer depletion increases the risk of skin damage, particularly on the lips, which are more vulnerable due to their lack of melanin and sebaceous glands. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of a lip oil serum containing ethanol extract of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) and lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia). The formulation was prepared in a single base with four variants: a control (F0) and three active concentrations (F1, F2, F3). Physical evaluations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and viscosity. The SPF values were assessed in vitro using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. All formulations demonstrated acceptable physical stability with pH values between 6.7–7.33, spreadability ranging from 6.85–7.34 cm, adhesion from 3.51–5.07 seconds, and viscosity from 777.6–839 cPS. The SPF increased proportionally with lavender oil concentration (F1 = 3.70, F2 = 4.09, F3 = 4.25), showing a strong positive correlation (r = 0.969). These findings suggest that the combined use of butterfly pea extract and lavender oil may offer mild UV protection and desirable physical properties, making it a promising candidate for natural, herbal-based lip care products.

The Studi Transformasi Deteksi Sinyal Farmakovigilans: Dari Spontaneous Reporting System (SRS) Menuju Integrasi Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Novita Diana Ayu Candra — 2025-10-13

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) menjadi ancaman serius terhadap keselamatan pasien dan beban finansial sistem kesehatan global. Sistem pelaporan spontan (Spontaneous Reporting System/SRS) merupakan pendekatan tradisional utama dalam deteksi sinyal farmakovigilans, namun dibatasi oleh underreporting, keterlambatan pelaporan, dan bias pelapor. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pendekatan SRS dengan pendekatan berbasis Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam mendeteksi sinyal keamanan obat. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian naratif literatur, dengan penelusuran literatur dari database yang sesuai kriteria inklusi yaitu artikel original dan terbit pada tahun 2015-2025. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan ADR masih rendah akibat hambatan sistemik, namun dapat ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan dan intervensi multifaset. Integrasi AI, seperti model LGBM, dLBM, dan aTarantula, mampu mendeteksi ADR secara otomatis dengan akurasi tinggi, bahkan dari data tidak terstruktur. Kesimpulan artikel ini bahwa pendekatan integratif antara SRS dan AI merupakan strategi optimal untuk meningkatkan efektivitas deteksi sinyal farmakovigilans di masa depan, dengan menggabungkan kekuatan data real-world dari SRS dan kemampuan analitik canggih dari AI.

Variation in Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) of Warfarin Use in Atrial Fibrillation Patients at Hospital X, Banten

Anastasia Pramitaningastuti — 2025-10-13

Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in adults. Stroke, resulting from thromboembolism, is the most frequent and severe complication associated with atrial fibrillation, and its prevention is a primary therapeutic goal. Anticoagulant therapy is the cornerstone for stroke prevention, with warfarin being the most commonly used anticoagulant. However, warfarin therapy poses a significant risk of bleeding, necessitating regular and strict monitoring. The Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) is a parameter used to assess the quality of warfarin therapy management, reflecting the percentage of time a patient's INR remains within the target therapeutic range of 2.0–3.0. To evaluate the variation of Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) and its association with complications in atrial fibrillation patients receiving warfarin therapy. TTR was calculated using the Rosendaal interpolation method. The risk of bleeding complications was assessed using the HAS-BLED score, and stroke risk was evaluated using the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. This retrospective observational study included 78 atrial fibrillation patients receiving warfarin, whose medical records were collected from January to June 2022. Data were presented in tables and charts and analyzed descriptively. The study found that only 15.38% (12 patients) achieved the target TTR (>70%), while 84.62% (66 patients) had suboptimal TTR levels. Most patients with low TTR scores had moderate to high HAS-BLED and CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores, indicating an increased risk of bleeding and stroke.

The The Effect Of Watermelon Seed (Citrullus Lanatus (Thunb) Mansf.) Ethanol Extract Concentration And Soaking Duration On The In Vitro Dissolution Of Calcium Kidney Stones

Agus Suprijono — 2025-10-13

Kidney stones are a collection of mineral salts such as uric acid, phosphate, and calcium oxalate that form from substances that accumulate along the urinary tract. Kidney stones can cause pain in the back, waist, and lower abdomen. Therefore, efforts are needed to dissolve kidney stones, one of which is with watermelon seeds. Watermelon seeds contain flavonoids that are thought to be able to dissolve calcium kidney stones. The aims of this research was to determine whether the concentration of watermelon seed extract and the duration of soaking calcium kidney stones can dissolve calcium kidney stones in vitro. The object of the research was the concentration of calcium kidney stones dissolved after the addition of watermelon seed extract. Watermelon seed powder was extracted using a maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, then make watermelon seed extract concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6% and the kidney stones were soaked in the watermelon seed ethanol extract concentration for 3 and 5 hours. Analysis of the dissolved calcium kidney stones was measured used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method. Identification of the type of kidney stone was carried out used an FTIR spectrophotometer. The result research shows that watermelon seed extract with a concentration of 2%, 4%, and 6% can dissolve calcium kidney stones with a 3-hour soaking duration of 24.34 ppm, 69.87 ppm, and 137.06 ppm on average, while a 5-hour soaking duration of 31.61 ppm, 82.27 ppm, and 140.82 ppm on average. Statistical tests show that there is an effect of extract concentration and soaking time of kidney stones in dissolving calcium kidney stones in vitro and the longer the soaking time the larger the kidney stones that can be dissolved

The Effect of Ethanol Extract Concentration of Rapet Bark (Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke) in Feminine Hygiene Preparations on Antimicrobial Activity

Eka Susanti Hp — 2025-10-13

Rapet bark (Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke) is a natural material containing secondary metabolites that can be utilized as antimicrobial agents. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract concentration of rapet bark in feminine hygiene formulations on the growth of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The research employed an experimental method in the preparation of feminine hygiene products using ethanol extract of rapet bark at concentrations of FI (5%), FII (10%), and FIII (15%). The soap evaluation parameters included cycling test, organoleptic test, pH test, foam height test, irritation test, and antimicrobial activity test using the cylinder cup method with pour plate inoculation technique. The feminine hygiene formulations met the soap evaluation requirements, with antimicrobial activity against fungi of 11.53 ± 0.0354 (FII) and 12.55 ± 0.037 (FIII), and against bacteria of 11.29 ± 0.023 (FI), 12.56 ± 0.0444 (FII), and 15.11 ± 0.018 (FIII). Data analysis using one-way ANOVA showed a significance value (p < 0.05), indicating that each extract concentration differed significantly, thereby affecting the inhibition zone against fungi and bacteria.