Uji Aktivitas Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Fraksi Etil Asetat Dan Senyawa Kuersetin Hasil Kltp Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) In Vitro
Abstract
Kolesterol merupakan unsur penting yang diperlukan tubuh, namun jika kadarnya tinggi dapat memicu penyakit hiperkolesterolemia. Kolesterol yang berlebih dapat diobati secara tradisional dengan kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil identifikasi gugus fungsi senyawa kuersetin dari hasil KLTP kulit jeruk nipis menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR, mengetahui konsentrasi optimal dan mengetahui adanya perbedaan aktivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol antara fraksi etil asetat dan senyawa kuersetin hasil KLTP kulit jeruk nipis secara in vitro. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah remaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstrak kental difraksinasi dengan etil asetat. Uji kualitatif meliputi skrining fitokimia dan uji KLT. Pemisahan senyawa kuersetin dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Preparatif (KLTP). Analisis kualitatif gugus fungsi senyawa kuersetin hasil KLTP menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR. Analisis kuantitatif aktivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan metode Zak. Dibuat deret konsentrasi 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, dan 400 ppm dengan panjang gelombang 481,2 nm. Hasil analisis spektrum FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi O-H, C=O, C=C aromatik, C-O, C-O-C dan C-H aromatik yang sesuai dengan struktur kuersetin. Konsentrasi optimal pada fraksi etil asetat dan senyawa kuersetin hasil KLTP yaitu 300 ppm dengan menghasilkan rata-rata penurunan sebesar 53,70% dan 68,14%. Pada uji statistika memiliki nilai signifikasi 0,000<0,05 menunjukkan adanya perbedaan aktivitas penurunan kadar kolesterol antara fraksi etil asetat dan senyawa kuersetin hasil KLTP kulit jeruk nipis secara in vitro.
ABSTRACT
Cholesterol is an important element that the body needs, but in high levels, cholesterol can trigger hypercholesterolemia. Excess cholesterol can be treated traditionally with lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). The purpose of this study is to determine the result of identification of functional groups of quercetin compounds from lime peel PTLC results using FTIR spectrophotometer, determine the optimal concentration and determine differences in cholesterol lowering activity between the ethyl acetate fraction and quercetin compounds from lime peel PTLC results in vitro. Remaceration with 70% ethanol as a solvent was used as the extraction method. The viscous extract was fractionated with ethyl acetate. Qualitative test were using phytochemical screening and TLC test. Quercetin compound was separated by the Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) method. Qualitative analysis of functional groups of quercetin compounds from PTLC was using FTIR spectrophotometer. Quantitative analysis of cholesterol lowering activity using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with Zak method. Concentration series of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 ppm were made with a wavelength of 481,2 nm. The result of the FTIR spectrum analysis showed the presence of functional groups O-H, C=O, C=C aromatics, C-O, C-O-C and C-H aromatics that matched the structure of quercetin. The optimal concentration of the ethyl acetate fraction and quercetin compound from PTLC results was 300 ppm with an average decrease of 53,70% and 68,14% respectively. The statistical test has a significance values of 0,000 < 0,05 indicating that there is a difference in cholesterol level reduction activity between the ethyl acetate fraction and the quercetin compound from lime peel PTLC results in vitro.
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