Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Michelia champaca Linn. Flower Methanol Extract Gel Using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) Method
Abstract
Michelia champaca, a tropical evergreen flower utilized for religious rituals in Bali, exhibits notable level of flavonoid with potent antioxidant properties. This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of gel formulation using methanol extract of Michelia champaca flowers. The gel formulations were prepared using varying concentration of the extract (5%, 7,5%, and 10%), and underwent physical evaluations. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 at a 95% confidence level. The results showed gel formulations exhibit desirable physical characteristics, indicated by the presence of homogenous yellow-brown gel with the fragrance of extract, a spreadability range of 4.83-6.90 cm, adhesion time of 2.293-2.616 seconds, and pH of 5. The dispersion test revealed no significant difference between all formulations. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH radical scavenging assay, with IC50 values indicating the efficacy of gel. The IC50 values for FI, FII, and FIII were 49,859 µg/ml, 23.774 µg/ml, and 6.626 µg/ml, respectively, compared to the IC50 value of vitamin C 4,861 µg/ml. These results indicate that the Michelia champaca methanol extract gel possesses potent antioxidant activity. Moreover, the higher concentration of the extract exhibited a smaller IC50 value, indicating increased efficacy in scavenging free radicals.
References
Aditya, W. A., & Ramadhania, Z. M. (2019). Artikel Ulasan: Kandungan dan Aktivitas Farmakologi Tanaman Cempaka Kuning (Michelia Champaca Linn.). Farmaka, 16(3), 10–19.
Adrianta, K. A. (2020). Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Magenta (Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr) sebagai Salah Satu Kandidat Pengobatan Bahan Berbasis Herbal serta Bioaktivitasnya sebagai Analgetik. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 6(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v6i1.745
Ananthi, T., & Chitra, M. (2013). In vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Michelia champaca ( L .) Flowers. American Journal of Advanced Drug Dilevery, 1(5), 734–742.
Andika, B. tri, Rahmawati, D., & Kuncoro, H. (2021). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Formulasi Gel Ektrak Etanol Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia). Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, April 2021, 135–138. https://prosiding.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/mpc/article/view/547/469
Bosch, R., Philips, N., Suárez-Pérez, J. A., Juarranz, A., Devmurari, A., Chalensouk-Khaosaat, J., & González, S. (2015). Mechanisms of Photoaging and Cutaneous Photocarcinogenesis, and Photoprotective Strategies with Phytochemicals. Antioxidants, 4(2), 248–268. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4020248
Deniansyah, & Pujiastuti, A. (2022). Formulation and Physical Quality Assessment of Karamunting. Indonesia Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 05(01), 51–59.
Florence, A. T., & Attwood, D. (2005). Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy (4th Ed). Pharmaceutical Press.
Fuller, B. (2019). Role of PGE-2 and Other Inflammatory Mediators in Skin Aging and Their Inhibition by Topical Natural Anti-Inflammatories. MDPI, 6(6), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6010006
Garg, A., Aggarwal, D., Garg, S., & Singla, A. K. (2002). Spreading of semisolid formulations: An update. Pharmaceutical Technology North America, 26(9), 84–105.
Kameliani, D., Salamah, N., & Guntarti, A. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Ganggang Hijau (Ulva lactula L.) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Pelarut Etanol 60%, 75%, dan 96% Menggunakan Metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS) Ilmu Farmasi Dan Kesehatan, 5(2), 387–396. https://doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v5i2.534
Katrin, & Bendra, A. (2015). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak, Fraksi dan Golongan Senyawa Kimia Daun Premna oblongata Miq. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v2i1.3332
Kumar, R. V., Kumar, S., Shashidhara, S., Anitha, S., & Manjula, M. (2011). Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Various Extracts of Michelia champaca Linn Flowers. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(4), 413–418.
Maulida, L. F., & Wahyuni, E. S. (2018). Upaya Menurunkan Radikal Bebas dengan Ekstrak Bunga Cempaka pada Tikus Model Menopause. GASTER, 16(1), 6–16.
Mendhekar, S. Y., Jori, R. R., Shinde, K. R., L, J. S., D Assistant Professor, G. D., & Mendhekar Assistant Professor, S. Y. (2017). Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Vanishing Plus Fairness Expert Cream. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(12), 1268–1277. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps201712-10613
Molyneux, P. (2004). The Use of the Stable Free Radical Diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for Estimating Antioxidant Activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(December 2003), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.6.2.144
Munira, S., Nasution, R., Saidi, N., Bahi, M., & Marianne, M. (2021). Crude extracts of Magnolia alba Flowers Using n-hexane and Methanol Solvents and Their Anti-Acne Potential. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, 10(6), 3789–3793. https://doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.V10I6.1607
Murniyati, M., Subaidah, W. A., & Ananto, A. D. (2021). Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Antiradikal Bebas Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) Menggunakan Metode DPPH. Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 2(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.31764/lf.v2i2.5491
Nurfitriyana, Yanuarti, R., & Pangesti, I. D. (2021). Formulasi , Evaluasi dan Uji Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) sebagai Anti Jerawat. Iontech, 02(02), 50–59. http://iontech.ista.ac.id/index.php/iontech.
Onar, H. C., Yusufoglu, A., Turker, G., & Yanardag, R. (2012). Elastase, Tyrosinase and Lipoxygenase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of an Aqueous Extract from Epilobium angustifolium L. Leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(5), 716–726. https://doi.org/10.5897/jmpr11.1127
Pogaga, E., Yamlean, P. V. Y., & Lebang, J. S. (2020). Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Murbei (Morus alba L.) Menggunakan Metode DPPH (1,1-Dipehnyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl). Pharmacon, 9(3), 349–356.
Rahayu, T., Fudholi, A., & Fitria, A. (2016). Optimasi Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana Tabacum) Dengan Variasi Kadar Karbopol940 Dan Tea Menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (Sld). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 12(1), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.20885/jif.vol12.iss1.art3
Rosida, Sidiq, H. B. H. F., & Apriliyanti, I. P. (2018). Evaluasi Sifat Fisik dan Uji Iritasi Gel Ekstrak Kulit Buah Pisang (Musa acuminata Colla). Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(1), 131–135.
Rowe, R. C., Sheskey, P. J., & Quinn, M. E. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (6th Ed). Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Association.
Runtuwene, K. N., Yamlean, P. V. Y., & Yudsitira, A. (2019). Formulasi, Uji Stabilitas dan Uji Efektivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Gel dari Esktrak Etanol Daun Sesewanua (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl) dengan Menggunakan Metode DPPH. Pharmacon, 8(2), 175–182.
Ruwali, P., Adhikari, M., & Sharma, S. (2019). Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Various Extracts of Michelia Champaca Leaves. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(5), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i5.31745
Safitri, F. I., Nawangsari, D., & Febrina, D. (2021). Overview: Application of Carbopol 940 in Gel. Advances in Health Sciences Research, 34, 80–84. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210127.018
Senduk, T. W., Montolalu, L. A. D. Y., & Dotulong, V. (2020). Rendemen Ekstrak Air Rebusan Daun Tua Mangrove Sonneratia alba. Jurnal Perikanan Dan Kelautan Tropis, 11(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.35800/jpkt.11.1.2020.28659
Shankar, R., Sarangi, B., Gupta, R., & Pathak, K. (2016). Formulation and Characterization of Polyherbal Cream for Skin Manifestations. Journal of Asian Association of Schools of Pharmacy, 1, 360–366.
Sinha, R., & Varma, R. (2019). Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Michelia Champaca L. Flowers. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 10(5), 123–126. https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1005176
Suena, N. M. D. S., Ariani, N. L. W. M., & Antari, N. P. U. (2022). Evaluasi Mutu Fisik dan Uji Hedonik Krim Minyak Cendana (Santalum album L.) sebagai Antiinflamasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 8(1), 22–30.
Triananda, A. L., & Wijaya, A. (2021). Formulasi dan Uji Fisik Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Petai Cina (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De. Wit) dengan Basis Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC). Jurnal Kefarmasian Akfarindo, 6(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.37089/jofar.vi0.100
Wei, L. S., Wee, W., Siong, J. Y. F., & Syamsumir, D. F. (2011). Characterization of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer Property and Chemical Composition of Michelia Champaca Seed and Flower Extracts. Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v4i1.8862
Yusharyahya, S. N. (2021). Mekanisme Penuaan Kulit sebagai Dasar Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Kulit Menua Skin Aging Mechanism as A Basic Prevention and Treatment of Skin Aging. 9(2).
Zaky, M., Rusdiana, N., & Darmawati, A. (2021). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Fisik Sediaan Gel Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Menggunakan Metode DPPH. Jurnal Farmagazine, 8(2), 26. https://doi.org/10.47653/farm.v8i2.556
.png)
